
What types of metalworking coolant exist and how they differ in day-to-day CNC work – with a comparison table and selection rules for steel, aluminium and grinding.

Step-by-step guide to mixing coolant correctly – order of mixing, target concentration, water hardness and the refractometer factor, for the shop floor.

Cooling, lubrication, chip removal – and what TRGS 611 requires for nitrite, pH monitoring and health protection. With real figures instead of generalities.

Step-by-step system clean for coolant that has gone off – system cleaner, disposal, tank cleaning, new fill. With before-and-after pictures.